portant; word-wrap: break-word !important;">portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; font-size: 18px;">portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; font-family: 仿宋;">近年来，国际茶叶出口贸易稳中有增，但portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; font-family: 仿宋;">相对产量增长来说，茶叶出口量增长不快portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; font-family: 仿宋;">，见portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 24px; font-family: 仿宋;">图portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 24px;">2portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; font-family: 仿宋;">。
portant; word-wrap: break-word !important;">portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; font-family: 仿宋;">
portant; word-wrap: break-word !important;">portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; font-family: 仿宋;">图2 portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 24px;"> portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 24px; font-family: 仿宋;">世界茶叶出口贸易情况
portant; word-wrap: break-word !important;">
portant; word-wrap: break-word !important;">portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; font-size: 18px;">portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; background: rgb(217, 217, 217);">2015portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; background: rgb(217, 217, 217);">年全球茶叶出口量为175.7万吨，占全球茶叶总产量的34%，比2014年的182.7万吨下降了3.83%。portant; word-wrap: break-word !important;">目前世界上portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; background: rgb(217, 217, 217);">第一大茶叶出口国为肯尼亚，2015年的出口量为44.3万吨，占全球茶叶出口量的25%portant; word-wrap: break-word !important;">，尽管其出口量比2014portant; word-wrap: break-word !important;">年的49.9portant; word-wrap: break-word !important;">万吨减少了11.2%portant; word-wrap: break-word !important;">，但由于全球茶叶价格比去年提高，肯尼亚茶叶出口额从2014portant; word-wrap: break-word !important;">年的1011portant; word-wrap: break-word !important;">亿portant; word-wrap: break-word !important;">KSHportant; word-wrap: break-word !important;">（肯尼亚先令）增加到2015portant; word-wrap: break-word !important;">年的1252portant; word-wrap: break-word !important;">亿KSHportant; word-wrap: break-word !important;">，增长了23.8%portant; word-wrap: break-word !important;">。2015portant; word-wrap: break-word !important;">年全球portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; background: rgb(217, 217, 217);">第二大茶叶出口国是中国大陆，茶叶出口量为32.5万吨，占全球茶叶出口量的18%，第三是斯里兰卡，占全球茶叶出口量的17%，第四是印度，占全球茶叶出口量的12%portant; word-wrap: break-word !important;">，见图3portant; word-wrap: break-word !important;">。
portant; word-wrap: break-word !important;">portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; font-family: 仿宋;">
portant; word-wrap: break-word !important;">portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; font-size: 18px;">portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; font-family: 仿宋;">从世界范围看，整个portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; font-family: 仿宋; background: rgb(217, 217, 217);">亚洲茶叶出口量占全球茶叶出口量的60%左右portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; font-family: 仿宋;">，portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; font-family: 仿宋;">非洲茶叶出口量大约占全球茶叶出口量的35%portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; font-family: 仿宋;">，其他国家和地区的出口量仅占全球出口量的5%portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; font-family: 仿宋;">左右。从国家来看，印度的茶叶出口量为22.1portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; font-family: 仿宋;">万吨，比2014portant; word-wrap: break-word !important;">年的20.5portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; font-family: 仿宋;">万吨增加了1.6portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; font-family: 仿宋;">万吨，即增加了7.8%portant; word-wrap: break-word !important;">；印度茶叶最大的出口国依然是俄罗斯，占印度总出口量的21%portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; font-family: 仿宋;">。越南的茶叶出口量自2012portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; font-family: 仿宋;">年不断减少，2015portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; font-family: 仿宋;">年茶叶出口量为12.3portant; word-wrap: break-word !important;">万吨，比2012portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; font-family: 仿宋;">年的14.4portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; font-family: 仿宋;">万吨减少了14.58%portant; word-wrap: break-word !important;">。斯里兰卡茶叶出口量骤降至2010portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; font-family: 仿宋;">年的水平，为30.7portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; font-family: 仿宋;">万吨（表2portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; font-family: 仿宋;">），从斯里兰卡近三年主要茶叶出口国变动情况来看，主要是受政治局势的影响，出口到叙利亚、伊朗、乌克兰的茶叶量减少幅度较大（表3portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; font-family: 仿宋;">）。
portant; word-wrap: break-word !important;">portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; font-family: 仿宋;">
portant; word-wrap: break-word !important;" />
portant; word-wrap: break-word !important;">portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; font-size: 18px;">portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; font-family: 仿宋;">作为世界茶叶市场的指示性价格，FAOportant; word-wrap: break-word !important; font-family: 仿宋;">portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">茶叶综合价格在过去十年一直保持稳定，直到2014portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; font-family: 仿宋;">年由于CTCportant; word-wrap: break-word !important;">红碎茶价格下降导致全球茶叶综合价格大幅度下降，而Orthodoxportant; word-wrap: break-word !important; font-family: 仿宋;">茶（传统茶）价格坚挺，这部分地抵消了CTCportant; word-wrap: break-word !important; font-family: 仿宋;">茶价格下降的负面效应，最终2014portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; font-family: 仿宋;">年全球茶叶综合价格比上一年降低了2.45%portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; font-family: 仿宋;">。portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; font-family: 仿宋; background: rgb(217, 217, 217);">2015portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; font-family: 仿宋;">年却出现了相反的情况，由于油价降低，俄罗斯和近东地区的经济受挫，导致其需求减少，从而使传统茶的价格下跌portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; font-family: 仿宋;">，2015portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; font-family: 仿宋;">年茶叶综合价格较上一年略有提高，但幅度不大（见图4portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; font-family: 仿宋;">）。
portant; word-wrap: break-word !important;">portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 24px; font-family: 仿宋;">
portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; font-family: 华文中宋; font-size: 20px;">四、茶叶消费
portant; word-wrap: break-word !important;">portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; font-size: 18px;">portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; font-family: 仿宋;">随着国内外学者对茶与健康研究的不断推进，以及各国对茶叶保健功能的推广与宣传，portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; font-family: 仿宋;">全球茶叶消费量呈上升趋势，由2006年的357.3万吨增加到了2015年的portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">494.4万吨，增长了38.37%，portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; font-family: 仿宋;">见图6portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; font-family: 仿宋;">。
portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; text-align: center;">portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; font-family: 仿宋;">
portant; word-wrap: break-word !important;">portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; font-family: 仿宋;"> portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; font-size: 18px;">portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; font-family: 仿宋;"> portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 24px; font-family: 仿宋;">中国和印度既是世界茶叶生产大国，又是世界上主要的茶叶消费国，大部分茶叶在国内市场消费。portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 24px;">2015portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 24px; font-family: 仿宋;">年中国茶叶消费总量为portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 24px;">182.2portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 24px; font-family: 仿宋;">万吨，居世界第一位，占世界茶叶消费总量的portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 24px;">36.85%portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 24px; font-family: 仿宋;">。其次是印度，其茶叶消费量为portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 24px;">94.7portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 24px; font-family: 仿宋;">万吨，中国和印度的消费量合占世界总消费量的portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 24px;">56%portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 24px; font-family: 仿宋;">，见表portant; word-wrap: break-word !important;">4portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 24px;">。其他茶叶主产国肯尼亚和斯里兰卡的茶叶大部分供出口，本国茶叶消费非常低，2015portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 24px; font-family: 仿宋;">年分别为portant; word-wrap: break-word !important;">3.3portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 24px;">万吨和portant; word-wrap: break-word !important;">2.8portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 24px;">万吨。portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">其他茶叶消费国中，孟加拉、伊朗、摩洛哥、阿富汗、中国台湾、伊拉克、波兰的茶叶消费量分别为7.4portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 24px; font-family: 仿宋;">、portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 24px;">6.3portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 24px; font-family: 仿宋;">、portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 24px;">5.8portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 24px; font-family: 仿宋;">、portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 24px;">5.3portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 24px; font-family: 仿宋;">、portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 24px;">4.0portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 24px; font-family: 仿宋;">、portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 24px;">3.6portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 24px; font-family: 仿宋;">、portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 24px;">3.4portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 24px; font-family: 仿宋;">万吨。
portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; text-align: center;">portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 24px; font-family: 仿宋;">
portant; word-wrap: break-word !important;">portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 24px; font-family: 仿宋;">
portant; word-wrap: break-word !important;">portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; font-family: 仿宋;"> portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; font-size: 18px;">portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; font-family: 仿宋;"> 从人均消费情况来看，portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; background: rgb(217, 217, 217);">全球茶叶生产大国中国、印度、肯尼亚的人均消费量都很低，portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; background: rgb(217, 217, 217);">2012-2014portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; font-family: 仿宋; background: rgb(217, 217, 217);">年人均消费茶叶分别为portant; word-wrap: break-word !important;">1.14portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; font-family: 仿宋;